Os impactos subjetivos da institucionalização da infância sob a ótica da psicanálise

Abstract

The present research aims to investigate the subjective implications of a context of social vulnerability on children, specifically those who are institutionally sheltered. To this end, a theoretical study on psychoanalysis was conducted, based on a bibliographic review of Freudian-Lacanian references. The study first sought to analyze the different conceptions of childhood in Brazil. Then, it highlights the historical transition of public policies for child protection from the Minors' Code to the Statute of the Child and Adolescent, noting the persistence of a policy of institutionalizing poor children, based on a logic of state control. From a psychoanalytic perspective, the importance of family ties, characterized by Lacanian concepts of maternal and paternal functions, in subjective constitution is examined, taking into account the importance of the existence of a non-anonymous desire in the care of the child. It is then evidenced how the absence of these ties and the exercise of functions impact psychic formation, as observed within institutions where children cease to be considered "daughters" and become generic children. Through this process, these children do not occupy the place of the phallic object, important for the constitution of a desiring subject, but rather the place of an object of the law, or even the place of a remainder in the social imaginary. This research hopes to expand the debate about childhoods in situations of vulnerability in Brazil, especially those institutionally sheltered