Dificuldades práticas para a destinação e execução dos recursos da compensação ambiental

Abstract

The creation of conservation units is a fundamental tool for the conservation of biodiversity throughout the planet. This instrument, however, loses strength when improperly managed. Several conservation units do not have adequate personnel or infrastructure, have not been sufficiently demarcated and are constantly subject to pressures such as arson, hunting, irregular occupations, illegal suppression of vegetation, and other factors. There are numerous tools for improving management and, invariably, financing mechanisms are a key factor for the success of these spaces. In this sense, the environmental compensation established by article 36 of Law 9,985 / 2000 constitutes a relevant instrument for the creation and management of conservation units, since it allows investments that are rarely included in the budgets of the public agency responsible for its administration. Environmental compensation has always been (and still is) the subject of much discussion, especially in relation to its legal nature. Since its establishment by the CONAMA Resolution No. 10/1987, and even after the judgment of ADIn 3.378 / DF, the issue continues to cause controversy. In order to analyze ways of assigning greater effectiveness to this instrument, this study goes beyond the discussion about the legal nature of environmental compensation. After all, almost two decades after its introduction by the SNUC Law, how has environmental compensation developed across the country? In order to do so, the state of the art of this instrument will be verified in the Brazilian states, addressing the various models developed over the years, analyzing its efficiency and its fulfillment of the objectives set forth in the SNUC Law