Ditadura, direitos humanos e justiça de transição no Brasil: efeitos psicossociais e afetivos da Comissão Nacional da Verdade

Abstract

The thesis focuses on the socio-affective dimension of the dictatorship, with a view to the construction of Transitional Justice in Brazil after the military government. It was essential to give a voice to people directly involved in the public statements of the National Truth Commission (CNV), in different contexts and/or with political engagements. In the analysis of the material, as it is a qualitative, documentary research with a descriptive basis, data collection utilized public archives from the CNV as the primary source. This choice not only allowed for an expanded understanding of objects that require historical and sociocultural contextualization but also enabled the observation of theoretical perspectives on the event, which began on May 16, 2012, and concluded on December 10, 2014. Additionally, we aimed to employ the theoreticalmethodological framework of life story narratives, recognizing the richness contained in the testimonies, as they evoke emotions and highlight important aspects of memory related to past events and experiences. We also made use of materials/documents/videos/newspapers/magazines disseminated at the time (as secondary sources), which served as interpretative artifacts to connect the components of the research corpus. The theoretical framework is socio-historical psychology based on historical-dialectic materialism, anchored by Spinoza's philosophy. We chose the analysis of affects, understanding, like Vygotsky, that they constitute the subtext of thought, action and memory. They represent the way in which the social is unique in each of us. The affects analyzed are fear, feelings of neglect, hope for social recognition, political forgiveness, fluctuations in mood (joy and sadness) and desire for democracy. The analysis of the narratives indicated that subjects are marked by ethicalpolitical suffering, fueled by the incessant search for truth, that is, by feelings of fear and humiliation, above all, expressed in surveillance, feelings of lack of trust, selfcensorship, self-preservation, silencing, moderation , care and precaution; we also note the feeling of solidarity in support of those who have experienced similar outrage and suffering; and the feeling of commonness, for the struggle achieved collectively, exposing the variety of strategies and categories used to guarantee the moral legitimacy of the voices and positions of “the families of political dead and disappeared” in the different arenas of public debate that they attend in the fight for “ rights.” The narratives also demonstrate movements between mourning and the collective cause, personal pain and national memory, the family's emotional bonds and State actions, understanding that authoritarianism impacts the legitimacy of the struggle for social recognition, which affects health ethical-political aspect of society, as a field of political activity for these actors, pointing to dialectical processes in which the mobilization of categories and the construction of meanings slips across borders, overlapping certain domains that we assume are distinct, such as family and State, individual and society , nature and culture, public and private, emotion and reason