A discriminação de raça e de gênero no mercado de trabalho: a condição socioeconômica das mulheres negras no Brasil

Abstract

The present research aims to analyze race and gender discrimination in the labor market and the consequent violation of black women’s economic rights. The central issue of this research is to understand why race and gender discrimination hinders the realization of economic rights for black women in the labor market, leading them to occupy the lower strata of the social pyramid, receive lower wages, and have limited opportunities for career advancement, making them the primary victims of human rights violations in all spheres of social life. The underlying hypothesis is that the intersectionality of race and gender places black women in a position of invisibility, resulting in the lack of specific institutional policies aimed at advancing their economic rights and improving their social condition. The methodology employed was based on a literature review, including reading books, articles, theses, and electronic media, as well as the use of statistical data that concretely demonstrate the socioeconomic reality of these women. Legal instruments within the global, special, and national systems of human rights protection, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, as well as the Federal Constitution, were also used to substantiate the argument that the reality faced by black women in the labor market constitutes a flagrant violation of human rights that prevents them from building a dignified life. The central theoretical concepts debated by intellectuals such as Mário Theodoro, Sílvio Almeida, Kimberlé Crenshaw, Flavia Piovesan, André Ramos de Carvalho, Lélia Gonzalez, Angela Davis, Patricia Hill Collins, and Sirma Bilge served as a reference to support the arguments of this research, which has at its core black feminism and the promotion of human rights from an economic perspective. From these analyses, it was possible to conclude that the creation and implementation of public policies specifically aimed at addressing race and gender discrimination in the labor market are essential to improve the social condition of black women and contribute to the reduction of social inequalities in Brazil